Dentistry Students' Knowledge of Pediatric Patients Who Suffered Violence: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the literature unprecedentedly to identify the dentistry students' knowledge of pediatric patients who suffered violence. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey electronic databases up to November 2021. The "Grey Literature" was verified through Google Scholar and Open Grey searches to avoid any selection bias. There was no restriction on the date of publication or language. Results: The systematic search yielded 2.756 studies in the first selection phase, but only twenty-two articles were included. All selected articles were published between 1998 and 2021 and used a questionnaire to evaluate the dentistry students' knowledge regarding child maltreatment cases. Brazil was the country that had the most studies included (10 articles). Despite the majority of the students presenting insufficient knowledge about child maltreatment, evidence from this research showed that every form of approach by professionals toward child maltreatment should be considered important. Conclusion: Therefore, there are deficiencies regarding the teaching-learning methodology, reinforcing the need for improvements in Dentistry undergraduate curricula.

Physical violence in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of injuries to the head and neck region

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical violence and head and neck injuries among children and adolescents who suffered physical aggression, firearm aggression, and white gun aggression referred to the Legal Medical Department in a southern city in Brazil. Methods: This study was performed at Legal Medical Department in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil, from January 2011 to December of 2015. Data were collected from medical reports of children and adolescents (0-19 years old). Demographic information such as sex, age, and skin color was collected. Data were submitted to Chi-square test and multivariate Poisson regression analysis. Results: In this study, 2,716 physical examination reports were analyzed, with a total of 2,171 exams resulting from violence; lesions that had physical aggression as their etiology (1,951) had a higher prevalence. The analysis of the exams revealed that the majority were adolescents (90,05%), white (84.09%), and female (50.21%). The head and neck regions were affected in most cases of violence (57.90%). In the adjusted model, the occurrence of injuries in the head and neck region was higher in males (PR 1.16, CI 95% 1.08 - 1.25), among adolescents (PR 1.28, CI 95% 1.10 - 1.48) and in victims of physical aggression compared to victims of the firearm (2.81, CI 95% 1.79 - 4.40). Conclusion: The results revealed a high prevalence of head and face injuries in victims of violence and that there was a greater prevalence of physical violence among adolescents compared to children and males

Effect of alpha-humulene incorporation on the properties of experimental light-cured periodontal dressings

Abstract The objective of this study was to formulate an experimental light-cured periodontal dressing containing alpha-humulene and to compare its physical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties with commercial gold standards (Barricaid® and Periobond®). Two periodontal dressing formulations were developed (a and b). The formulations were divided into 5 groups according to the alpha-humulene concentration as follows: Ea - control group, Ea1 - 1%, Ea5 - 5%, Ea10 - 10%, and Ea20 - 20%; Eb - control group, Eb1 - 1%, Eb5 - 5%, Eb10 - 10%, and Eb20 - 20%. Materials characterization was performed using the degree of conversion, cohesive strength, sorption, and solubility assays. Antimicrobial assay was performed using the modified direct contact test against E. faecalis and S. aureus. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the cell viability experiment using L929 fibroblasts. In general, the cohesive strength values of materials decreased as the alpha-humulene concentration increased. All the experimental dressings showed antimicrobial activity against both bacteria tested. Cell viability results for the Ea, Ea1, Eb, and Eb1 groups showed moderate cytotoxic effect. The formulations containing alpha-humulene showed similar behavior to the commercial references. Thus, formulations containing alpha-humulene have potential to be used as periodontal dressing.

Biological and mechanical characterization of commercial and experimental periodontal surgical dressings

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing materials. The cytotoxicity of Periobond ® , Barricaid ® and one experimental periodontal dressing based on Exothane ® 8 monomer was tested on 3T3/NIH mouse fibroblast. Genotoxicity was assessed by micronuclei formation, and cell alterations were analyzed using light microscopy. Both biological assays were performed using the eluate obtained from specimens after 24, 72, or 168 hours of incubation. Mechanical characterization was assessed through the ultimate tensile strength and the water sorption and solubility tests. The significance level of α = 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. All the materials promoted a cell viability lower than 60% in all evaluated times. In general, the cell viability was significantly reduced after 72 and 168h of specimens' incubation. Considering the factor material, there were not statistical differences in the cell viability (p = 0.156). The genotoxicity was not statistically significant among the groups in the different periods of time (p > 0.05). Differences in the ultimate tensile strength values were not statistically significant different among the groups (p = 0.125). Periobond ® showed the higher water sorption values (p < 0.001). Regarding solubility, there were no statistical differences between the groups (p = 0.098). All the periodontal dressing materials evaluated in this study exerted a cytotoxic effect against mouse fibroblasts, and their toxicity became more evident over time. Among the materials evaluated, the experimental light-cure type has shown overall similar properties to the commercial references.

Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Early Childhood and Knowledge Level of Mothers from Childcare Groups

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and associated factors in children and the level of knowledge of mothers participating in the child care group of a basic health unit. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in children between 18 and 72 months of a childcare group in Pelotas. Children whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent term participated in the study. Data were collected through a questionnaire previously tested and applied to the mothers, and a clinical examination of children's occlusion were performed by examiners after training and calibration. Statistical analysis was descriptive and analytic. In the bivariate analyses, it was used the Pearson, Fisher or Linear Trend Qui-Square tests and, in the multivariate analysis, the Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained, and a p-value <0.05 was used. Results: Forty-seven children were included and 41.3% presented malocclusion. The prevalence of malocclusion was associated with a higher number of children in the family (p<0.005) and breastfeeding for more than 12 months (p<0.05). The highest prevalence of open bite was associated with the use of a pacifier and working mothers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most mothers reported having knowledge about the time and use of pacifiers in childhood. In this group, the prevalence of malocclusion in children was high and associated with behavioral and social factors.

Assessment of personal injuries in dentistry and discussion of DPVAT insurance ­ case report

Dentists are due to evaluate, in cases of traffic accidents, the sequelae left based on Personal Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Terrestrial Insurance ­ DPVAT. This case report discusses the DPVAT table invalidity provided by law 6,194/74 and the lack of prediction of, total or partial, personal injuries related to phonetic, masticatory and aesthetic function due to dental losses and bone fractures. A 30-year-old victim of a traffic accident, suffered several bone injuries in face, skull and dental elements, claiming for total insurance payment. It was verified a scar in the right frontal region and in the left malar region. He lost centrals and laterals incisors and canine on the right in maxilla, important mandible deviation in step in canine region on the left, root rot of the first lower molars, septum deviation due to face fractures, but he does not mention pain. In the evaluation of the percentage, according to DPVAT table, it took into account the losses of anterior teeth and mandible fracture, which caused a functional, aesthetic and phonetic sequel. Severe dental losses and fracture sequelae justify a partial payment of insurance, but DPVAT table does not consider the loss of phonetic, aesthetic and masticatory functions that should be better discussed to be included in the table.

Collateral issues in times of COVID-19: child abuse, domestic violence and femicide

Worldwide there is evidence of the increase of violence against women (gender-based) and children (gender and age-based) during the global pandemic of COVID-19. This literature review offers an overview of data on domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV) as it currently stands in some countries during the pandemic, describing deep psychosocial issues that illustrate the intergenerational transmission of violent actions, uncovering how these acts are unconsciously reproduced within families serving as a sign for the lack of conscious differentiation between them and the cultural, socio-economic norms of the contexts in which they are immersed, contexts that act as if normalizing the brutality of gender inequality [violence as a representation of masculinity], minimizing the effects of witnessing to violence, and/or practicing violence as a form of discipline. Furthermore, it also includes recommendations that aim to mitigate risks and consequences of violence and emphasizes the urgency that must be in place to guarantee public access to health care services adapted to our new reality/COVID-19. In conclusion, we accentuate that the pandemic might accelerate the development of creative and original public measures on decision making that target vulnerable women and children and make them regular in case they are judged efficient in face of an ever-growing phenomenon, that is the unfortunate banalization of the effects of violent acts and narratives.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Eugenia uniflora as Denture Disinfectant: Antimicrobial Activity and Effect on the Physical Properties of Polymethylmethacrylate

Abstract To the moment, there is no ideal substance for home-based denture disinfection. This study assessed in vitro the antimicrobial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia uniflora and the effect on the physical properties of denture polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca were isolated from samples of saliva collected from denture wearers. The extracts were produced in three concentrations, according to the Brazilian Pharmacopeia. One hundred eighty-eight disc-shaped specimens of thermopolymerizable PMMA were prepared and randomly allocated to five treatment groups: sterile saline solution (0.85%; control); chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2%); and hydroalcoholic extract of E. uniflora (0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.16%). The specimens were disinfected for 8 hours/day for 30 days. Adherence of microorganisms to the surface, PMMA surface roughness, and color stability were assessed. Inferential statistics were performed with one- and two-way ANOVA/Tukey test, and Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and paired t-tests, at α=0.05. The extract of E. uniflora at 0.2% and 1.16% reduced the microbial load of K. oxytoca, while chlorhexidine digluconate significantly reduced microbial load of all microrganisms. Microbial adherence at day 10 was reduced by all experimental substances (p<0.001). Surface roughness was not affected by the disinfecting substances (p>0.05). Nevertheless, all experimental groups produced unacceptable color change at the end of the disinfection protocol (p<0.001). The non-adherent potential against microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity confirm the potential of use of the hydroalcoholic extract of E. uniflora as a denture disinfectant. Yet, unacceptable color changes may occur, regardless of extract concentration.

Prevalência de traumatismos maxilofaciais causados por agressão ou violência física em mulheres adultas e os fatores associados: uma revisão de literatura / Prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by aggression or physical violence to adult women and the associated factors: a literature review

O traumatismo maxilofacial de mulheres causado porviolência tem sido mais abordado nos últimos anos. Oaumento dos casos tem sido acompanhado do aumentodas denúncias de violência contra a mulher, tornando oproblema mais visível à sociedade. Objetivo: o presentetrabalho teve o objetivo de fazer uma revisão de literaturaque aborda a prevalência de traumas maxilofaciaisdecorrentes de violência física contra mulheres e os fatoresrelacionados às lesões. Revisão de literatura: os estudosreportaram prevalências entre 24,4% e 81,0% detraumatismos maxilofaciais em mulheres causados porviolência. A maioria aponta o marido ou o companheirocomo principal agressor e o uso de força física comoprincipal tipo de agressão. Mulheres com idades entre 20e 39 anos, dependentes econômicas ou de baixa renda ecom nível de escolaridade inferior são mais susceptíveisa apresentar traumatismo maxilofacial mais prevalentenos tecidos moles. As consequências mais relatadasentre as mulheres com traumatismos maxilofaciais porviolência incluem problemas de autopercepção, de inter-relação social e de baixa autoestima. Consideraçõesfinais: conclui-se que a prevalência de traumatismosmaxilofaciais por violência em mulheres é alta, estandorelacionada à idade, à dependência econômica, ao graude escolaridade, à ocupação e a problemas psicoafetivosque podem também influenciar a dinâmica familiar. (AU)

Maxillofacial trauma caused by violence to women has been addressed more in recent years. The increase of trauma has been accompanied by an increase in the reported cases of violence to women, making the problem more visible to society. Objective: by means of a literature review, the present study aimed to review the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma caused by physical violence to women and the factors related to such injuries. Literature review: the studies reported that the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma in women due to violence was between 24.4% and 81.0%. Most studies indicate the husband or partner as the primary aggressor, and the use of physical force as the main type of aggression. Women aged between 20 and 39 years, who are economic dependent or have low income and low level of education are more likely to present maxillofacial trauma more prevalent in soft tissues. The consequences most reported among women with maxillofacial trauma caused by violence included issues regarding self-perception, social interrelation, and low self-esteem. Final considerations: it is concluded that the prevalence maxillofacial trauma caused by violence to women is high and it is related to age, economic dependence, level of education, occupation, and psycho-affective problems, which may also influence family dynamics. (AU)

Importance of dental records and panoramic radiograph in human identification: a case report / Importância dos registros odontológicos e de radiografia panorâmica na identificação humana: um relato de caso

Forensic dentistry is important in human identification because it analyses individual characteristics present in the teeth of each individual based on comparison. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of the correct documentation made by the dentist and to present a case solution using panoramic x-ray. To carry out the report, dental charts and panoramic radiography were used for comparison with dental examination of a female body remains. The wrong notation of charts, made by the dentist, almost leaded to an exclusion identification. Due to panoramic x-ray made nine years before the death, a positive identification could be made. That fact emphasized the importance of attention when charts are being filled out.

A odontologia forense é importante na identificação humana porque analisa características individuais presentes nos dentes de cada indivíduo com base na comparação. O objetivo deste trabalho é destacar a importância da documentação correta feita pelo dentista e apresentar uma solução de caso usando radiografia panorâmica. Para realizar o relatório, foram utilizados gráficos dentais e radiografia panorâmica para comparação com o exame dental nos restos de um corpo feminino. A notação errada do prontuário, feita pelo dentista, quase levou a uma identificação de exclusão. Devido à radiografia panorâmica feita nove anos antes da morte, uma identificação positiva pode ser feita. Esse fato enfatizou a importância da atenção quando o prontuário está sendo preenchido.

Antimicrobial potential of pyroligneous extracts a systematic review and technological prospecting

Abstract Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.

Antimicrobial potential of pyroligneous extracts - a systematic review and technological prospecting

Abstract Pyroligneous extract is applied in diverse areas as an antioxidant, an antimicrobial, and an anti-inflammatory agent. The discovery of new cost-effective antimicrobial agents of natural origin remains a challenge for the scientific community. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and a technological forecasting of the existent evidence regarding the use of pyroligneous extract as a potential antimicrobial agent. Studies were identified through an investigation of various electronic databases: PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Google scholar, and ProQuest. Patents were searched through INPI, Google patents, Espacenet, Patents online, USPTO, and WIPO. The literature on antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous extract are limited given the short duration of studies and variability in study design, use of pyroligneous preparations, and reports on results. However, evidence suggests the potential of pyroligneous extract as a natural antimicrobial agent. The most studied activity was the role of PE as a food preservative. However, pyroligneous extracts are also effective against pathogenic bacteria in the oral microflora and treatment of candidal infections. Further research is needed using standardized preparations of pyroligneous extracts to determine their long-term effectiveness and ability as antimicrobial agents.

Evaluation of physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and cytotoxicity of temporary restorative materials

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare selective physical-mechanical properties, antibacterial effects and cytotoxicity of seven temporary restorative materials (TRM): five resin-based materials [Bioplic (B), Fill Magic Tempo (FM), Fermit inlay (F), Luxatemp LC (L) and Revotek LC (R)], and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (IRM) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) as the controls. Material and methods The physical-mechanical properties were evaluated by determining microleakage (ML), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Shore D hardness (SDH). In addition, the polymerization rate (Pr-1), depth of cure (DC), water sorption and solubility (WS/SL) were evaluated. The antimicrobial effects of the materials were assessed by biofilm accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (BT) and the direct contact test (DCT) by exposure to Enterococcus faecalis for 1 and 24 h, and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The data were analyzed by ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis tests, and a complementary post-hoc method (p<0.05). Results Group B, followed by FM and GIC had significantly lower percentages of microleakage in comparison with the other groups; Groups FM and L showed the highest WS, while Groups R and FM showed the significantly lowest SL values (p<0.05). Group R showed the statistically highest UTS mean and the lowest DC mean among all groups. Group F showed the lowest S. mutans biofilm accumulation (p=0.023). Only the Group L showed continued effect against E. faecalis after 1 h and 24 h in DCT. The L showed statistically lower viability cell when compared to the other groups. Conclusions These findings suggest the antibacterial effect of the temporary materials Fill Magic and Bioplic against S. mutans, while Luxatemp showed in vitro inhibition of S. mutans biofilm accumulation and E. faecalis growth. Regarding the cell viability test, Luxatemp was the most cytotoxic and Fill Magic was shown to be the least cytotoxic.

A new method for evaluating the retentive efficacy of different denture adhesives

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method for measuring the retention values of different denture adhesives. Methods: The adhesive strength values of three different commercial denture adhesives (Corega powder, Corega adhesive tape and Ultra Corega cream) were evaluated using three different moisturizing agents (distilled water, artificial saliva and natural saliva). The adhesive test was performed on a universal testing machine, after applying the adhesive products to acrylic resin specimens, under two different test conditions (wetting or dipping). Tensile bond strength values in MPa were obtained for each denture adhesive presentation and test condition. Viscosity of the denture adhesives mixed with the different moisturizing agents was determined using a rotary rheometer. Maximum viscosity values were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. Tensile bond strength data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and the Tukey's test. Pooled data of each denture adhesive presentations for all test conditions was also carried out. Correlation between viscosity and pooled tensile strength values was analyzed through linear regression analysis. A significance level of α=0.05 was set for all analyses. Results: Results showed that statistically higher adhesion strength was obtained with tape and cream adhesives when using natural saliva as moisturizing agents (p<0.05). The adhesive strength values obtained with the dipping method were similar to those obtained with the conventional wetting method. The denture retention strength was influenced by both the denture adhesive type and moisturizing agent used. Conclusion: The dipping method showed to be a reliable test capable to simulate the oral conditions and should be better explored in further studies

Denture disinfection using Salvia officinalis L: microbial load and selected properties of PMMA

Denture use may aggravate the occurrence of oral infections, considering it enhances microbial adherence. Aim: This study assessed the reduction of microbial loads of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella oxytoca by disinfecting the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) of complete dentures with hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis. Additionally, the effect of such extract on the properties of PMMA was examined. Methods: Microorganisms were isolated from saliva samples collected from complete denture wearers. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis was produced according to the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia 5. The PMMA specimens (n=188) were immersed in microbial inoculum and incubated at 37°C for 16 hours per day. Then, they were subjected to a disinfection protocol for 30 days. The specimens were divided into five treatment groups: sterile saline solution (0.85%; control), 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate, and hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis (0.2%, 0.8%, and 1.16%). Microorganism adherence to the PMMA surface was also assessed, as well as surface roughness (Ra in µm) and color stability of the PMMA (mean ΔE). Changes in microbial load and surface roughness after the disinfection protocol were verified with paired t-test. Substances at day 10, adherence, and color stability were compared by the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare substances at the beginning and end of the experiment (α=0.05). Results: The 1.16% S. officinalis extract significantly reduced the microbial load of all the microorganisms after 30 days of disinfection (p<0.05). The microbial load of K. oxytoca was also reduced at lower concentrations of the S. officinalis extract (0.2% and 0.8%) (p<0.02). Antimicrobial and anti-adherent effects against microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity were observed. There was no significant change in surface roughness (p>0.05) and color stability was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract of S. officinalis may be used as a disinfectant solution for dentures

Evaluation of dentin hypersensitivity treatment with glass ionomer cements: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract A randomized, double-blind, split-mouth clinical trial was performed compared the desensitizing efficacy of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) ClinproTM XT (3M ESPE, Minnesota, USA) and the conventional GIC Vidrion R (SS White, Gloucester, UK) in a 6-month follow-up. Subjects were required to have at least two teeth with dentin hypersensitivity. Teeth were divided at random into 2 groups, one group received Clinpro XT and the other conventional GIC Vidrion R. Treatments were assessed by tactile and air blast tests using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at baseline, after 20 minutes, and at 7, 15, 21, 30, 90 and 180 days post-treatment. Twenty subjects (152 teeth) were included. Both tests (tactile and air blast) showed a significant reduction of dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the application of Vidrion R and Clinpro XT (20 min). VAS scores obtained along the 6-month follow-up were statistically lower when compared to initial rates (p < 0.05). Both GIC were able to reduce dentin hypersensitivity up to 6-month post-treatment period without statistically significant differences among them (p > 0.05). Both cements provided satisfactory results in long-term dental sensitivity reduction.

Treatment of dento-alveolar trauma: knowledge evaluation from southern Brazilian dentists

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate through a specific survey the knowledge of dentists on dental trauma in Southern Brazil regarding their conduct facing some dental trauma injuries. Methods: A survey with five personal and five specific questions on knowledge about dental trauma was carried out with all dentists regularly registered in Pelotas, Brazil (n=276). The data was submitted to descriptive statistical analysis and associations were tested by Chi-square test (p≥0.05). Results: There were a higher number of dentists with up to 10 years since graduation (45.4%) who worked in private dental office (66.1%) and with some specialization (63.7%). Dentists with more years since graduation were associated to less knowledge on dental trauma management (p<0.001). Conclusions: The knowledge of the dentists related to dento-alveolar trauma is lowered with higher time in clinical practice. Continuing education courses should be offered to the dentists by educational institutions (AU)

Removable orthodontic appliances: frequency and cleaning agents used by students and recommended by dentists

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and hygiene habits of 13-19 years-old adolescent users of removableorthodontic appliances (ROA) and to determine hygiene methods for the appliances prescribed bydentists, in the city of Pelotas. Methods: The study had two stages. The first stage was a telephoneinterview with dentists. Dentists were interview by telephone calls in order to obtain informationregarding the hygiene methods for cleaning acrylic appliances. Second stage was a cross-sectionalstudy performed with schoolchildren. Children from public and private schools with secondary levelwere included in the sample. A questionnaire was applied to the students using any type of ROA.Questionnaires included demographic information and behavioral characteristics. Data collectedwere subjected to Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of children usingROA was 5.4%. Students (89.7%) and dentists (47.2%) reported to prefer mechanical methods toclean their ROA. Cleaning with soup, hydrogen peroxide or effervescent tabs were less used. Highfrequency of use was associated with higher frequency of hygiene on the ROA. Conclusions: Theprevalence of schoolchildren using removable appliances was low. The common cleaning methodused by children and prescribed by dentists was mechanical. Hygiene frequency was significantlyassociated with the routine of use of the appliance and with the type of hygiene method.

Avaliação de uma proposta educativa em saúde bucal aplicada ao ensino básico / Evaluation of an oral health educational purpose applied to primary education

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou a assimilação e as práticas preventivas em saúde bucal adotadas por professores e alunos após um programa educativo em saúde bucal em uma escola pública de ensino fundamental. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O programa foi desenvolvido por integrantes dos cursos de Odontologia e Pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior e visou discutir o papel da escola na educação em saúde. Atividades de formação continuada foram realizadas com professores e alunos da 3ª série (4º ano). Assuntos de saúde bucal foram discutidos com professores e alunos para determinar as suas ideias e conhecimentos sobre a saúde oral. Os efeitos das intervenções educativas foram coletadas e avaliadas. RESULTADOS: Com este programa educacional, foi possível verificar a importância dos professores como multiplicadores de saúde entre as crianças, mas a falta de treinamento foi observado. Ao longo e após a intervenção, houve mudança nos hábitos de higiene bucal dos alunos. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a melhoria da saúde oral esteve associada com o programa educativo e preventivo. Entretanto o estudo apontou a necessidade de repensar as práticas educativas para a saúde bucal

AIM: This study evaluated the assimilation and preventive oral health practices of teachers and students after an oral health educational program in a public elementary school. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The program was developed by members of the Dentistry and Pedagogy courses from a higher education institution and aimed to discuss the school role in health education. Continuing education activities were performed with teachers and a group of students from the third grade (4th year). Oral health subjects were discussed with teachers and students to determine their ideas and knowledge on oral health. The effects of the educational interventions were recorded and evaluated. RESULTS: With this educational program it was possible to check the importance of teachers as health multipliers among children, but a lack of training was observed. Along and after the intervention, there was change in oral hygiene habits of students. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the oral health improvement was associated with the educational and preventive program. However the study pointed out the need to rethink the educative actions

How are children and adolescents cleaning their orthodontic appliances? A cross-sectional study in private schools

AIM: To determine the prevalence and the hygiene methods used by 6-16-year-old private school children and adolescents to clean removable orthodontic appliances (ROA) in the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in private schools located in the urban area after the school tutors signed an informed consent form. Questionnaires were applied to children using removable orthodontic appliances. Data regarding hygiene methods of orthodontic appliances were collected. Descriptive analysis was performed. Pearson's chi-square test and Linear Trend with a confidence level of 95% were used for analytical analysis. RESULTS: Children using ROA in private schools were 7.6%. The most frequent hygiene method used was mechanical cleansing with toothbrush and toothpaste (85.6%). Daily cleansing was the frequency most reported by children (51.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Use of ROA in students from private schools was low and the most used hygiene method was brushing with toothpaste.